Past Perfect Tense

UNIT VII

PAST PERFECT TENSE

(Bentuk lampau telah selesai)

A.    Penggunaan :

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang telah terjadi sebelum peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau.
2. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa pada saat dan berlangsung sampai saat yang lain pada waktu lampau.
3. Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di saat lampau.
4. Untuk menyatakan alas an atau jawaban dari peristiwa yang terjadi di waktu lampau (Simple Past Tense)

B.     Keterangan waktu :

Keterangan waktu tense ini adalah :

-          after …

-          … before

-          … when

-          as soon as

-          by …

-          by the end of

-          by the time

-          by 1 o’clock yesterday

C.    Susunan kalimat :

1. Positive (+) : Subject + Had + V III

Subject	had	V III	Object
I	had	written	a story
You		bought	a shirt
We		cleaned	the room
They		played	tennis

He	had	gone	to school
She		given	a present
It		swum	very fast

2. Negative (-) + had + not + V III

Subject	be 2	not	Verb III	Object
I	had	not	written	a story
You We They			bought cleaned played	a shirt the room tennis
He She It			gone given swum	to school a present very fast

3. Interrogative (?)

Had + Subject + Verb III ?

Had	Subject	V III	Object
Had	I	written	a story?
	You	bought	a shirt?
	We	cleaned	the room?
	They	played	tennis?
	He	gone	to school?
	She	given	a present?
	It	swum	very fast?

Past Perfect Tense

I had sung

The past perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and to use. This tense talks about the "past in the past".

How do we make the Past Perfect Tense?

The structure of the past perfect tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb HAVE	+	main verb
		conjugated in simple past tense		past participle
		had		V3

For negative sentences in the past perfect tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the past perfect tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	had		finished	my work.
+	You	had		stopped	before me.
-	She	had	not	gone	to school.
-	We	had	not	left.
?	Had	you		arrived?
?	Had	they		eaten	dinner?

When speaking with the past perfect tense, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:

I had	I'd
you had	you'd
he had she had it had	he'd she'd it'd
we had	we'd
they had	they'd

 

The 'd contraction is also used for the auxiliary verb would. For example, we'd can mean:

• We had
  or
• We would

But usually the main verb is in a different form, for example:

• We had arrived (past participle)
• We would arrive (base)

It is always clear from the context.