UNIT VIII

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

(Bentuk lampau selesai sedang berlangsung)

A.    Penggunaan :

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang telah terjadi sedang berjalan langsung, ketika peristiwa lain terjadi di waktu lampau.

B.     Keterangan waktu :

Keterangan waktu Past Perfect Continuous tense, hampir sama penggunaannya dan saling bergantian dengan Past Perfect tense jadi yang dipentingkan tergantung kontek kalimat dalam pembicaraan.

-          … when                      :   ketika

-          … by last                     :   menjelang … yang lalu

-          … by yesterday           :   menjelang kemarin

C.    Susunan kalimat :

1. Positive (+) :

(+) Subject + had + been + V ing

Subject	had	been	Verb ing	Object
I	had	been	writing	a story
You We They			buying cleaning playing	a shirt the room tennis
He She It			going giving swimming	to school a present very fast

2. Negative (-) :

(-) Subject + had not + been + V ing

Subject	had	not	been	Verb ing	Object
I	had	not	been	writing	a story
You We They				buying cleaning playing	a shirt the room tennis
He She It				going giving swimming	to school a present very fast

3. Interrogative (?)

(?) Had + Subject + been + V ing ?

Had	Subject	been	Verb ing	Object
Had	I	been	writing	a story?
	You We They		buying cleaning playing	a shirt? the room? tennis?
	He She It		going giving swimming	to school? a present? very fast?

 

The Past Perfect Continuous

Here's how to make the past perfect continuous. It's 'had' + been (the past participle of 'be')+ verb-ing Firstly, let's look at the positive form:

• I had been living
• You had been going
• She had been sleeping
• He had been working
• It had been raining
• We had been studying
• They had been cooking

The short form is: 'd been verb-ing. Be careful, because the short form for 'would' is also 'd. However, 'would' is always followed by the infinitive, but 'had' is followed by the past participle.
Here's an exercise about the past perfect continuous positive form.
Next, the negative form:

• I had not been trying (I hadn't been..)
• You had not been working (you hadn't been..)
• She had not been crying (she hadn't been..)
• He had not been shopping (he hadn't been..)
• It had not been snowing (it hadn't been..)
• We had not been reading (we hadn't been..)
• They had not been running (they hadn't been..)

Here's an exercise about the negative
It's pretty easy to make the question too.
'Yes / no' questions:

• Had I been working?
• Had you been sleeping?
• Had she been reading?
• Had he been watching TV?
• Had it been raining?
• Had we been drinking?
• Had they been eating?

'Wh' questions:

• Where had I been working?
• How long had you been sleeping?
• What had she been reading?
• How long had he been watching TV?
• How long had it been raining?
• What had we been drinking?
• Why had they been eating?